| Morristown, New Jersey | |
|---|---|
| — Town — | |
| Nickname(s): Military Capital of the American Revolution, Mo Town | |
| Location of Morristown in Morris County. Inset: Location of Morris County in the State of New Jersey. | |
| Census Bureau map of Morristown, New Jersey | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Jersey |
| County | Morris |
| Founded | 1715 |
| Incorporated | April 6, 1865 |
| Government[1] | |
| • Type | Faulkner Act |
| • Mayor | Timothy Dougherty (term ends 2013)[2] |
| • Administrator | |
| Area[3] | |
| • Total | 3.026 sq mi (7.839 km2) |
| • Land | 2.929 sq mi (7.587 km2) |
| • Water | 0.097 sq mi (0.252 km2) 3.22% |
| Elevation[4] | 312 ft (95 m) |
| Population (2010 Census)[5][6] | |
| • Total | 18,411 |
| • Density | 6,084.3/sq mi (2,348.6/km2) |
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 07960-07963[7] |
| Area code(s) | 973 |
| FIPS code | 34-48300[8][9] |
| GNIS feature ID | 0878494[10] |
| Website | www.townofmorristown.org |
Morristown is a town in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town population was 18,411.[5][11] It is the county seat of Morris County.[12] Morristown became characterized as "the military capital of the American Revolution" because of its strategic role in the war for independence from Great Britain.[13] Today this history is visible in a variety of locations throughout the town that collectively make up Morristown National Historical Park.
The area was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years prior to exploration by Europeans. The first European settlements in this portion of New Jersey were established by the Swedes and Dutch in the early 17th century, when a significant trade in furs existed between the natives and the Europeans at temporary posts. It became part of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, but the English seized control of the region in 1664, which was granted to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, as the Province of New Jersey. In British colonial records, the first permanent European settlement at Morristown occurred in 1715, when a village was founded as New Hanover by migrants from New York and Connecticut. Morris County was created on March 15, 1739, from portions of Hunterdon County. The county was named for the popular Governor of the Province, Lewis Morris, who championed benefits for the colonists.
Following the American Revolution the former colony became the state of New Jersey and almost 100 years after the American Revolution began, Morristown was incorporated as a town by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6, 1865, within Morris Township, and it was formally set off from the township in 1895.[14]
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Morristown was settled around 1715 by English Presbyterians from Southold, New York on Long Island and New Haven, Connecticut as the village of New Hanover. The town became the seat of the new Morris County shortly after its separation from Hunterdon County on March 15, 1739. The village and county were named for Lewis Morris, the first and then sitting royal governor of a united colony of New Jersey.
By the mid-century the two hundred and fifty people shared the village which had two churches, a courthouse, two taverns, two schools, several stores, and numerous mills and farms nearby.
George Washington first came to Morristown in May 1773, two years before the Revolutionary War broke out, and traveled from there to New York City together with John Parke Custis (his stepson) and Lord Stirling.[15]
In 1777, General George Washington and the Continental Army marched from the victories at Trenton and Princeton to encamp near Morristown from January to May. Washington had his headquarters during that first encampment at Jacob Arnold's Tavern located at the Morristown Green in the center of the town.[16] Morristown was selected for its extremely strategic location (between Philadelphia and New York and near New England). It was also chosen for the skills and trades of the residents, local industries and natural resources to provide arms, and what was thought to be the ability of the community to provide enough food to support the army.
The churches were used for inoculations for smallpox. That first Headquarters, Arnold's Tavern, was eventually moved .5 miles (800 m) south of the green onto Mount Kemble Avenue to become All Souls Hospital in the late 19th century. It suffered a fire in 1918, and the original structure was demolished, but new buildings for the hospital were built directly across the street.[17][18]
From December 1779 to June 1780 the Continental Army's second encampment at Morristown was at Jockey Hollow. Then, Washington's headquarters in Morristown was located at the Ford Mansion, a large mansion near what was then the 'edge of town.' Ford's widow and children shared the house with Martha Washington and officers of the Continental Army.
The winter of 1780 was the worst winter of the Revolutionary War. The starvation was complicated by extreme inflation of money and lack of pay for the army. The entire Pennsylvania contingent successfully mutinied and later, 200 New Jersey soldiers attempted to emulate them (unsuccessfully).[19]
During Washington's second stay, in March 1780, he declared St. Patrick's Day a holiday to honor his many Irish troops.[20]
Martha Washington traveled from Virginia and was loyally present with George each winter throughout the war.
The Marquis de Lafayette brought good news here in 1780 of aid from France.
The Ford Mansion, Jockey Hollow, and Fort Nonsense are all preserved as part of Morristown National Historical Park managed by the National Park Service, which has the distinction among historic preservationists of being the first National Historical Park established in the United States.[21][22]
During Washington's stay, Benedict Arnold was court-martialed at Dickerson's Tavern on Spring Street in Morristown, for charges related to profiteering from military supplies at Philadelphia. His admonishment was made public, but Washington quietly promised the hero, Arnold, to make it up to him.[23]
Alexander Hamilton courted and wed Betsy Schuyler at a residence where Washington's personal physician was billeted. Locally known as the Schuyler-Hamilton House, the Dr. Jabez Campfield House is listed on both the New Jersey and National Registry of Historic Places.[24][25]
The Morristown Green has a statue commemorating the meeting of George Washington, the young Marquis de LaFayette, and young Alexander Hamilton depicting them discussing forthcoming aid of French tall ships and troops being sent by King Louis XVI of France to aid the Continental Army.[26]
Morristown's Burnham Park has a statue of the "Father of the American Revolution", Thomas Paine, who wrote the best selling booklet Common Sense, which urged a complete break from British rule. The bronze statue, by sculptor Georg J. Lober, shows Paine in 1776 (using a drum as a table during the withdrawal of the army across New Jersey) composing Crisis 1. He wrote These are the times that try men's souls .... The statue was dedicated on July 4, 1950.[27]
The idea for constructing the Morris Canal is credited to Morristown businessman George P. Macculloch, who in 1822 convened a group to discuss his concept for a canal. The group included Governor of New Jersey Isaac Halstead Williamson, which led to approval of the proposal by the New Jersey Legislature later that year. The canal was used for a century.[28]
The Marquis de Lafayette returned to Morristown in July 1825 on his return tour of the United States, where a ball was held in his honor at the 1807 Sansay House on DeHart Street, which still stands.[29]
Antoine le Blanc, a French immigrant laborer murdered the Sayre family and their servant (or possibly slave), Phoebe. He was tried and convicted of murder of the Sayres (but not of Phoebe) on August 13, 1833. On September 6, 1833, Le Blanc became the last person hanged on the Morristown Green. Until late 2006, the house where the murders were committed was known as "Jimmy's Haunt," which is purported to be haunted by Phoebe's ghost because her murder never saw justice. In 2007 Jimmy's Haunt was torn down to make way for a bank.
Samuel F. B. Morse and Alfred Vail built the first telegraph at the Speedwell Ironworks in Morristown on January 6, 1838. The first telegraph message was A patient waiter is no loser. The first public demonstration of the invention occurred five days later as an early step toward the information age.[30]
Jacob Arnold's Tavern, the first headquarters for Washington in Morristown, was purchased by the Colles family to save it from demolition in 1886. It was moved by horse-power in the winter of 1887 from "the green" (after being stuck on Bank Street for about six weeks) to a site 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south on Mount Kemble Avenue at what is now a parking lot for the Atlantic RIMM Rehabilitation Hospital. It became a boarding house for four years until it was converted by the Grey Nuns from Montreal into All Souls Hospital, the first general hospital in Morris County.[31] George and Martha Washington's second floor ballroom became a chapel and the first floor tavern became a ward for patients. The building was lost to a fire in 1918.[32] The entire organization, nurses, doctors, and patients of All Souls Hospital were then moved across Mount Kemble Avenue, U.S. Route 202, to a newly-built brick hospital building. All Souls' was set to close because of financial difficulties in the late 1960s. In 1973, it became Community Medical Center. In 1977, the center became bankrupt and was purchased by the then new and larger Morristown Memorial Hospital, which is now the Morristown Medical Center.[33]
On January 5, 2009, five red lights were spotted in the Morristown area night skies. The event was a staged hoax using helium balloons and flares, but became nationally known as the Morristown UFO hoax.[34]
Morristown is located at (40.796562,-74.477318). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had a total area of 3.026 square miles (7.839 km2), of which, 2.929 square miles (7.587 km2) of it is land and 0.097 square miles (0.252 km2) of it (3.22%) is water.[35][3]
The downtown shopping and business district of Morristown is centered around a square park, known as the Morristown Green. It is a former market square from Morristown's colonial days.
Morristown has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa).
| Climate data for Morristown | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °F (°C) | 38 (3) |
41 (5) |
50 (10) |
61 (16) |
71 (22) |
80 (27) |
85 (29) |
83 (28) |
75 (24) |
65 (18) |
54 (12) |
43 (6) |
62 (17) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 18 (−8) |
19 (−7) |
27 (−3) |
36 (2) |
46 (8) |
54 (12) |
59 (15) |
58 (14) |
51 (11) |
39 (4) |
32 (0) |
23 (−5) |
39 (4) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 4.50 (114.3) |
3.00 (76.2) |
4.41 (112) |
4.64 (117.9) |
5.09 (129.3) |
4.40 (111.8) |
5.29 (134.4) |
4.37 (111) |
5.33 (135.4) |
4.17 (105.9) |
4.37 (111) |
4.10 (104.1) |
53.67 (1,363.2) |
| Source: [36] | |||||||||||||
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1880 | 5,418 |
|
|
| 1890 | 8,156 | 50.5% | |
| 1900 | 11,267 | 38.1% | |
| 1910 | 12,507 | 11.0% | |
| 1920 | 12,548 | 0.3% | |
| 1930 | 15,197 | 21.1% | |
| 1940 | 15,270 | 0.5% | |
| 1950 | 17,124 | 12.1% | |
| 1960 | 17,712 | 3.4% | |
| 1970 | 17,662 | −0.3% | |
| 1980 | 16,614 | −5.9% | |
| 1990 | 16,189 | −2.6% | |
| 2000 | 18,544 | 14.5% | |
| 2010 | 18,411 | −0.7% | |
| Population sources:1880-1930[37] 1930-1990[38] 2000[39][40] 2010[5][11][6] |
|||
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 18,411 people, 7,417 households, and 3,649 families residing in the town. The population density was 6,284.9 inhabitants per square mile (2,426.6 /km2). There were 8,172 housing units at an average density of 2,789.6 per square mile (1,077.1 /km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 62.50% (11,507) White, 13.97% (2,572) African American, 0.64% (117) Native American, 4.34% (799) Asian, 0.06% (11) Pacific Islander, 14.84% (2,732) from other races, and 3.66% (673) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.09% (6,277) of the population.[5]
There were 7,417 households out of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.1% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.8% were non-families. 38.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.13.[5]
In the town the population was spread out with 17.6% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 38.4% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.8 years. For every 100 females there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.1 males.[5]
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $64,279 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,628) and the median family income was $66,070 (+/- $3,638). Males had a median income of $51,242 (+/- $6,106) versus $44,315 (+/- $5,443) for females. The per capita income for the town was $37,573 (+/- 2,286). About 10.2% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.[41]
As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 18,544 people, 7,252 households, and 3,698 families residing in the town. The population density was 6,303.9 people per square mile (2,435.3/km2). There were 7,615 housing units at an average density of 2,588.7 per square mile (1,000.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 67.63% White, 16.95% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 3.77% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 8.48% from other races, and 3.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.15% of the population.[39][40]
9.8% of Morristown residents identified themselves as being of Colombian American ancestry in the 2000 Census, the eighth- highest percentage of the population of any municipality in the United States.[42] 4.5% of Morristown residents identified themselves as being of Honduran American ancestry in the 2000 Census, the sixth-highest percentage of the population of any municipality in the United States.[43]
There were 7,252 households out of which 22.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.0% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.19.[39][40]
In the town the population was spread out with 18.4% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 40.4% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.[39][40]
The median income for a household in the town was $57,563, and the median income for a family was $66,419. Males had a median income of $42,363 versus $37,045 for females. The per capita income for the town was $30,086. About 7.1% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.[39][40]
Industry includes the Morristown & Erie Railway, a local short-line freight railway.
Morristown is governed under a Plan F Mayor-Council system of New Jersey municipal government under the Faulkner Act, which went into effect on January 1, 1974.[1][44] The Morristown Town Council consists of seven members: three members elected at-large representing the entire town; and four members representing each of the town's four wards. Members are elected to four-year terms of office on a staggered basis; there is an election every two years, either for the four ward seats or for the at-large and mayoral seats. As the legislative arm of the government, the council is responsible for making and setting policy for the town.
As of 2011[update], the mayor of Morristown is Timothy Dougherty (Democratic), elected in November 2009 to office for a four-year term that ends December 31, 2013.[45] Members of the Morristown Town Council are Council President Anthony Cattano, Jr. (At Large, 2013), Vice President Michelle Harris-King (At Large, 2013), Kevin Gsell (At Large, 2013), Rebecca Feldman (Ward I, 2011), Raline Smith-Reid (Ward II, 2011), James Smith (Ward III, 2011) and Alison Deeb (Ward IV, 2011).[46]
The municipal budget for 2010 was $37,198,566.[47]
Morristown is in the 11th Congressional district and is part of New Jersey's 25th state legislative district.[48] The legislative district was kept unchanged by the New Jersey Apportionment Commission based on the results of the 2010 Census.[11]
New Jersey's Eleventh Congressional District is represented by Rodney Frelinghuysen (R, Harding Township). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken).
25th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature, which is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Anthony Bucco (R, Boonton) and in the New Jersey General Assembly by Michael Patrick Carroll (R, Morris Plains) and Tony Bucco (R, Boonton).[49] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham).[50] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[51]
Morris County is governed by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, who are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with two or three seats coming up for election each year.[52] As of 2011, Morris County's Freeholders are Freeholder Director William J. Chegwidden (Wharton),[53] Deputy Freeholder Director Douglas R. Cabana (Boonton Township),[54] Gene F. Feyl (Denville),[55] Ann F. Grassi (Parsippany-Troy Hills),[56] Thomas J. Mastrangelo (Montville),[57] John J. Murphy (Morris Township)[58] and Margaret Nordstrom (Washington Township).[59][60]
The Morris School District is a regional public school district that serves the communities of Morristown and Morris Township, and high school students (grades 9-12) from Morris Plains who attend the high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Morris Plains Schools.[61] The district served 4,916 students as of the 2009-10 school year at three primary schools (K-2), three intermediate schools (3-5), one multi-age magnet school (K-5), one middle school (6-8) and at Morristown High School (9-12).[62]
In addition to a public school system, Morristown has several private schools. Primary and elementary schools include The Red Oaks School, a Montessori school serving students from pre-school through grade six, Assumption Roman Catholic grade school (K-8),[63] and The Peck School, a private day school which serves approximately 300 students in kindergarten through grade eight. The Delbarton School is an all-boys Roman Catholic school serving approximately 540 students in grades seven through twelve. The Morristown-Beard School, a private co-ed school formed from the merger of two previously existing institutions, Morristown Preparatory School and Miss Beard's School, serves grades 6 through 12. In addition, Villa Walsh Academy, a private Catholic college preparatory school conducted by the Religious Teachers Filippini, is located in Morristown.
The Academy of Saint Elizabeth was founded at Morristown in 1860 by the Sisters of Charity, however when municipal boundaries were redrawn in 1895,[14] the Academy found itself in the Convent Station section of the adjacent Morris Township.
The Rabbinical College of America, one of the largest Chabad Lubavitch Chasidic yeshivas in the world is located in Morristown. The Rabbinical College of America has a Baal Teshuva yeshiva for students of diverse Jewish backgrounds, named Yeshiva Tiferes Bachurim.[64] The New Jersey Regional Headquarters for the worldwide Chabad Lubavitch movement is located on the campus.
Morristown has attempted to implement transit-oriented development. Morristown was one of the first five “transit villages” designated in New Jersey in 2000.[65] In 1999, Morristown changed its zoning code to designate the area around the train station as a “Transit Village Core” for mixed-use. The designation was at least partly responsible for development plans for several mixed-use condominium developments.[66] As a town with New Jersey Transit rail service at the Morristown station, it benefited from shortened commuting times to New York City due to the "Midtown Direct" service New Jersey Transit instituted in the 1990s.
WMTR is an AM radio station at 1250 kHz is licensed to Morristown. The station features an oldies format.
WJSV radio and television (90.5 FM) also exists in Morristown, the nonprofit radio station of Morristown High School, which also has a television show which airs on Educational-access television cable television, Colonial Corner.
The Morristown Daily Record is published locally, as is New Jersey Monthly magazine.
Hometown Tales, a Public-access television show and podcast chronicling stories and urban legends from around the world, is loosely based in Morristown.
The New Jersey Minutemen are a professional inline hockey team that competes in the Eastern Conference of the Professional Inline Hockey Association.
The United States Equestrian Team, USET, the international equestrian team for the United States, was founded in 1950 at the Coates estate on van Beuren Road in Morristown.
Morristown has a cricketing club, the first in North America.[67]
The Morristown 1776 Association Football Club is a Soccer club that competes in the North Jersey Soccer League and MCSSA
Some noted current and former residents: